Awareness and attitude of secondary school students about drug use

© 2013 Brankoviæ et al.; licensee University of Sarajevo Faculty of Health Studies. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. UNIVERSITY OF SARAJEVO FACULTY OF HEALTH STUDIES ABSTRACT


INTRODUCTION
Problem of dependence on psychoactive substances is one of the most diffi cult problems of modern society, which brings serious consequences both for the individual, his environment and whole society.Given the fact that use and abuse of diff erent psy-choactive substances was more frequent in adults it's not surprising that this is one of the frequent problems in the adolescent population, and it's more and more common that the term addiction is marked as adolescent drug abuse and can be said that it is now an established and accepted term for drug abuse.It could almost have traditional views that the current drug users and 95% of adolescents (or at least began as an adolescent) (1).Adolescence is a critical period in personality development and personal identity that in desirable circumstances resulte in the development of healthy self-control and self-concept person.Any negative factor such as the use of drugs can have negative, both short-term and far-reaching, eff ects on personality development (1).It has already been stated that the period of adolescence is a sensitive period in the physical and mental development of the child.Physical changes often confuse and frighten a young person, but on the mental level, an increase in self-confi dence, which is refl ected in seeking recognition of independence, respect for opinions, requests (2).Although young people become confi dent and pendent in some respects, economic independence is still far away, the parents still have a moral and fi nancial responsibility for their children.Looking from this angle, the parents are not always willing to respect opinions and demands of their children.In mayority of cases this results in disputes, greater or lesser intensity, which eventually turnes into a classic clash of generations.Children can then turn to a group of like-minded peers from whom they expect understanding and support (2,3).Almost all children love and why show particular interest is determined by the "opinion of the group to which they belong," so that the knowledge of self in children of that age are often based on the opinion of their peers, especially those who are leaders and who stand by popularity in group.Of course that "thugs" who have false courage to do forbidden things such as smoking, alcohol and drug sampling creates interest and many of their friends try the same thing in order to be "worthy" members of the group.Contemporary adolescent addict tends to experiment with diff erent drugs and even ready to simultaneously take more types of drugs.Studies of drug users entering motives in the cycle of drug abuse showed considerable diversity, but typically can extract three main motives which account for about 80% of all possible reasons for taking drugs while favoring and spreading drugs in our country and the world.Generally, where the young are present are present and the risks of the occurrence and spread of drugs (4).Th ese motivs are: fi rst of all curiosity, imitation and desire for change moods.Until the use of such substance was in accordance with the framework and the culture that is traditionally bound, the problem or not, or were capable of being every local com-munity without a problem solved itself.Th e real problems have been caused by mixing of cultures, fi nding new and effi cient ways of producing and transferring those funds to areas where there is no tradition of their use.It is important to know how many pupils are informed about drug abuse and the availability of narcotics in their immediate environment.

Subjects
. Th e study included 95 children and adolescents of medical school Jezero.Among the respondents, there were 44 subjects of the third year of high school and 51 respondent-grader.Th e survey included people of both sexes, and the only criteria for inclusion in the study was voluntary consent of the pupil.Research methods.Descriptive analysis was conducted awareness and attitude of youth towards drug abuse.Th e analysis is based on the use of a questionnaire as data collection methods.Th e questionnaire was composed of 9 diff erent questions with off ered answers.Th e survey did not interfere with the privac y of subjects and were not disturbed by the moral principles of research.Statistical analysis.Data collection was performed on the basis of a questionnaire, and then were administered data entry into MS Excel 2010.Data, after sorting, grouping and control, were transported into the statistical software package SPSS 20.0, where, after defi ning the variables, we performed a statistical analysis of data.We used chi-square tests (X2-test).Th e advantage of this test is that it can meet the criteria for comparative studies with two or more independent groups of subjects, and it can adequately determine whether the patterns are observed in the properties.Th e results are shown in the corresponding number of tables and graphs, by statistical analysis and descriptive statistics, using SPSS 20.0 software and MS Excel 2010.

RESULTS
Data from the fi rst chart indicate that 32 (73.72%) students from the third and 40 (78.43%) of the final year of medical school in Central Lake are familiar with the concept of drug abuse, there is no statistically signifi cant diff erence in the attitude of the third and fourth grades, χ 2 = 0419, p = 0.51.Cannabis and ecstasy are the drugs that students are best familiar with, 24 (54.55%)students in the third grade, and 25 (49.02%)fourth-grade students responded that cannabis was seen in 9 (20.45%)students in the third grade and 11 (21.56%) of the fi nal year ecstazy knows as the type of drug, while other drugs was seen by 26 students, or 27.35%, χ 2 = 0.33, p = 0.85.Th e main reasons for taking the drugs because they are curious so thought 25 (56.82%)students in the third grade, and 27 (52.95%) of the fi nal grade, then the advice of friends, he responded, 11 (25%) of students in third grade and 15 (29.40%) students in the fourth grade, problems at home 2 (4.54%) students in the third grade and four (7.85%) and fourth grade students from prosecution as a reason from reality answered six of them (13.64%)students third grade and fi ve (9.80%) students in the  fourth grade, χ 2 = 0.93, p = 0.81.Th e students of third and fourth grade harshly condemn individuals who use these drugs, one (2.27%),third year student, and 3 (5.88%) of the fi nal year of thought that these brave individuals, 29 (65.90%) of the third grade, and 34 (66.66%)fourth grade students thought that insuffi cient reasonable, while 14 (31.83%) of the junior class and 14 (27.46%)fourth grade students thought that the weak and limited personality, χ 2 = 0.88, p = 0.64.Analysis showed that 16 (36.35%)students in the third grade, and 18 (35.30%)students in the fourth grade have friends who use drugs, χ 2 = 0.015, p = 0.99 DISCUSSION Not even developed countries don't have accurate data on the prevalence of substance abuse.What is quite certain in which all agree in is the fact that addiction is increasing and that more and more young people are taking drugs.In our country, this problem becomed especially acute after the war (1).As a representative sample to obtain an adequate picture of the problem among secondary school students we took population of the third and fourth grade of medical school.Th e largest percentage of respondents included in the survey had a completely clear view of the concept of drug abuse.Cannabis is a drug for which the respondents most often heard.In the U.S., according to some reports from 1960.there were about 45,000 drug addicts, and the 1972nd year, it is estimated that there are 560,000 addicts in 1996.year over 500,000 heroin addicts only, and between 3,000 and 4,000 annually herionomana dies of an overdose.In 1991.godinbi narokomana total number worldwide is estimated in the range of twenty million to two hundred million (5).Students involved in this research as an answer to why young people start using drugs often report that it is curious to over 50% of cases, and peer pressure.For students who use narkotine respondents generally think they are reasonable and suffi ciently weak and limited personality.Suicide is a common cause of death among adolescents and young people and is usually associated with taking the drug.Th e incidence of suicide is about 15% of the youth aged 15-24 years, but increases in the elderly, especially in men than 85 years (6).In Sweden, 10,000 to 15,000 people in recent times daily using drugs.It is estimated that in Germany there are about 100,000 heroin users in other European countries, a total of 200,000 to 400,000 (7).It is assumed that even a quarter of the general population in the U.S. takes drugs occasionally, and 20 million regular marijuana.In this country in recent years, especially in the growing number of people who take cocaine, so it is estimated that every day, about 3,000 people for the fi rst time he smokes dope, and that one quarter of Americans at least once tried cocaine, including nearly 7% of high school students (8).Th e largest number of high school students who were involved in the study did not know the individuals who use drugs, and those who know the most of their close friends.Th ere is a distinct awareness of narcotics.Th e largest number of respondents did not know the price and place of sale, and only a small number of students surveyed have tried drugs.According to data collected by the World Health Organization estimates timates that is in the world intravenous drug caused about 200,000 deaths every year (9,10).According to earlier data, Federal Institute for Health Protection of the former Yugoslavia was in 1975.Th e 2398 Narcotics and 1983rd year this fi gure had risen to the 9830th Th e average age of drug users has been with us 17 years, and 89.6% was in the age between 13 and 22 years (11,12).In Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1975.Th e 90 registered drug addicts, and just before the war there were 1450 registered drug users, assuming that the undocumented were three times more (9).Drug abuse has been extended to the former accounts in the major cities of the former Yugoslavia (Belgrade, Zagreb, Ljubljana, Sarajevo, Nis, Split, Dubrovnik), but appeared in smaller cities.At that time drug addicts were already registered in Zenica, Tuzla, Doboj and Banja Luka, Prijedor, Bihac, Visoko, Trebinje and other places.Today, unfortunately, there is no accurate record of the number of drug addicts (12).

CONCLUSION
Drug addiction is a serious problem all over the country, and the number of addicts is becoming larger.Particularly worrisome is the fact that the consumption of t drug is characteristic of the young population, especially high school students.Th e students included in this study were aware of the negative aspects of using drugs and condemns this phenomenon among young people and individuals who use drugs.Although the largest number has tried drugs, some students know where the drugs can be purchased and at what price.

FIGURE 1 .FIGURE 3 .FIGURE 5 .FIGURE 2 .
FIGURE 1. Attitude in relation to the concept of drug abuse